Dan Sherman questioned :


There are many kinds of research and papers, but the basic paper we would write for class requires a few standard elements—not to give us busy work but to help us craft a legitimate piece that is informative and useful for others. Therefore, this is a brief guide on how to write research paper parts, in what order to do them, and, in some instances, why.

How To Write Research Paper Bibliographies

You notice that this task is first, here. For excellent reason. You collect the books, periodicals, and articles (online and offline at your local or teach library). You find tons of pages of material that you place into notes then draft into your paper. Maybe you return the library books. Or maybe a website database of articles goes down. You can’t of course, remember all of the page numbers or other bibliographical information to cite properly.

So, the thing to do is find the ideal resources, and immediately do the bibliography. Some broadcast still use the ancient -fashioned way, putting each source on a separate index card. Some type directly onto their computer. But whichever method you prefer, be sure to get the bibliographical info (author(s); title(s); place and date of publication) and, if you can, jot down page numbers.

How To Write Research Paper Outlines

Granted, teachers might question for an outline early on, before you have your topic narrowed or your resources gathered. But consider this a freeing exercise: you have a planet of choices to touch, turn, examine, re-examine, and project on. Reckon of a concept or event or person, and reckon of all the possible categories you could include. You can go by time, and do a historical survey; you can consider cause and effect or conundrum and solution; you can set up an argument and come up with reasons and reasoning.

Block off each part with headers and subheaders. (Look at a site map for a larger website if you don’t want to use the ancient Roman numeral system.) Reckon in terms of general to specific or largest to smallest (the smaller fitting surrounded by the larger).

CONSULT EDUCATIONAL SITES for HOW to WRITE RESEARCH PAPER Records , ETC.

Be sure to cite—give credit to—everything you use directly from the text. It is okay to lift the choicest quotes; just be sure to place ” ” nearly anyone else’s terms . Even if you paraphrase, you should use the parenthetical citation method (which is used in MLA, APA, and other documentation styles, anyway.

Check Purdue University’s OWL (Online Writing Lab), Dartmouth’s Writing Center, or another reputable source for your source-citing, outlining, writing and other how-to-write-research-paper advice…cause I am running out of time. Oh, yeah, START EARLY! Nothing hurts more than doing hours and hours worth of work and missing your deadline!



ROBBIE

Richard Stoyeck questioned :


It’s simply incredible that ten years into the digital revolution, Eastman Kodak is trying to figure out what business they are in. For decades Kodak dominated the chemically based photographic process. You shoot a roll of film, and then you physically took the roll to a developer, and made a second trip to pick up the finished prints. Their only competition in the industry was the Japanese company, Fuji. The upstart would just eat away each year at Kodak’s market, but never becoming a real threat to Kodak’s dominance.

Meanwhile from outside the industry, Polaroid back in the late 1950’s invented a camera where the chemical based development of the pictures took place surrounded by the camera. The picture was ready in about 60 seconds. Polaroid developed a wonderful business and made a fortune for both its shareholders and its genius Designer , Dr. Edwin Land.

What happened next was a business disaster, and Kodak should have learned from Polaroid’s mistakes. Dr. Land came up with a moving picture development system. They poured hundreds of millions of dollars into a chemically based system. It would allow users to take moving pictures. The movies would be developed chemically surrounded by the camera system, the same as the still picture system then utilized.

What Polaroid not only didn’t plot for, but couldn’t even imagine was that a disruptive technology would be made from another industry that would basically end Polaroid’s business model. Japan would make digital photography. The first Japanese VHS and Betamax camera systems became unfilled . The electronic based technology made so much more sense than Polaroid chemically based system. It forced Polaroid to shut down its movie system products. It also resulted in the immediate write off of hundreds of millions of dollars (corresponding to billions today) that it would never recoup.

Now I question you, Kodak was in the business, we know that. They saw what this new technology did to Polaroid OVERNIGHT. Couldn’t they imagine that it could happen to them? The pledge is apparently not. The management team at Eastman Kodak has been brain dead for at least 20 years. The management team and the Board of Directors should have been dismissed more than a decade ago for yucky incompetence. They took a magnificent cash generating machine, and allowed it to turn into a dull , mundane second class company.

They simply chose to ignore what was coming, and what was coming was a TIDAL WAVE, that would sweep away Kodak’s traditional business. Kodak could have chosen to lead the digital revolution. They could have chosen to take the billions of dollars of cash generated by their traditional chemically based systems, and redeploy in other high end technology driven businesses like digital imaging in the medical industry. No, neither choice happened. The company chose as a replacement for , to DO NOTHING. Try to maintain the status quo was the order of the day.

Now Kodak is faced with a “what do we do now” choice ? It is just a question of how many years it takes before the Kodak way of doing business (chemical processing) completely evaporates. There are a number of lessons to be taken from this example of a formerly planet class company vacant belly up because of an inappropriate business model. Among them are:

• Every company must absorb the inner thesis of Clayton Christensen’s two books, “The Innovator’s Dilemma”, and “The Innovator’s Solution”. Harvard professor Christensen was the individual who coined the term, disruptive technologies, or what happens when a new innovation comes in and completely blows away a company’s formerly dominant technology.

• No company has the luxury of sitting on its rear end, and counting on its cash supply to keep it in business forever.

• Theodore Levitt of Harvard always talked about “What business are you in?” You’d better make sure that you are constantly thinking about how to obsolete your own business, because your competitors are thinking about it all the time.

• Every company should have an internal team that is separate and apart from the company. The sole function of this team would be to come up with ways to end the company by developing better products, or better yet technologies that would obsolete the company’s current technology. Xerox decades ago made Xerox PARC (the PARC stands for Palo Alto Research Center) in 1970. They intentionally place it in Palo Alto, California because they didn’t want to have their thinking contaminated by the atmosphere in Rochester, NY, a dead town. The same town as Kodak’s corporate center of operations by the way.

You want to talk about accomplishments; Xerox PARC came up with the mouse that we use on personal computers. They also made the graphical user interface that you use on your PC, and the basic design of the personal computer was taken from Xerox PARC by Steve Jobs. Xerox completely failed to cash in on any of these creations. The guys in Rochester were just as asleep at the switch as the guys at Kodak. There must be something about the air they breathe in Rochester that lulls them into a sense of complacency.

• Companies need to buy smaller companies who are making the innovating technologies that will place them out of business. If they wait until the technology enters an actionable phase, it is too expensive to buy . Examples are Yahoo and Microsoft, both of whom had an opportunity to buy Google for millions of bucks. Google now has a market cap of $150 billion, and is virtually untouchable.

Is it too late for Kodak to save itself? The pledge is probably yes. Very rarely can a company in such a downward spiral find the managerial talent, and more importantly COURAGE to transform itself internally. The current management team is too interested in continuing its own benefit package and retirement benefits, to make the hard, tough, and necessary decisions to be transformative. Hopefully, other American companies, and investors can learn from the bitter tale that Kodak has to teach us. Excellent luck.



DARNELL

Linda questioned :


You may write a splendid, award winning research paper with an eye catching research paper topic, brilliant research paper thoughts , and dependable evidence. But, if you are unable to present it in a bewitching way to the audience, you will not get the results you deserve.

The way you present a research paper stands for 50 % of your success. Hesitation, trembling voice, uncertain body language can greatly hinder your presentation and spoil the net result.

Once you appear to be believable , confident, and eloquent enough to get your research paper topic and research paper thoughts across to the broadcast , you may be sure to get the highest reward.

Therefore, you should remember that writing research papers involves far more than information search, doing the research and putting down its results. By the end of the research, spend some time preparing to present your research paper in the most appropriate way.

Usually students are required to present their college research papers in 15-20 minutes most . If you have a gift of the gab, it might seem that 20 minutes won’t be enough to give the clear outline of your research paper; and if you are one of persons reticent students, you might reckon 20 minutes is far too much for your research paper. In both cases you should learn to keep within the limited time period and present the key points of your research paper at a time.

For that purpose, be sure to practice the presentation of your research paper at home or where you can be at ease and comfortable, for example, in front of a mirror, your family, friends or colleagues. If possible, use a tape-recorder and listen to yourself.

This way you will come to know your passionate and weak points and will be able to emphasize your passionate points during your presentation and get the research paper thoughts across to the audience.

The preliminary steps for preparing an oral presentation include a thorough choice of your clothes, which should be appropriate for the reason . How you are perceived is very vital . Thus, present the desired image to your audience so that they will get interested in your research paper topic.

Oral presentation requires an outline of the main research paper thoughts you want to deliver in front of the audience. Place them down so that to have a endorsement in case you lose the track of thoughts .

Do not read your research paper. It is much better to present its thoughts personally by explaining the key points. Of course, you do not need to learn by heart your research paper by heart, simply place down the points you want to dwell upon and organize your speech nearly them.

The way you start your presentation and end it counts most. So, make sure to make a fascinating introduction and conclusion. A excellent introduction should capture the audience’s attention and warm you up. Some say that the best way to start the presentation is by introducing a joke, but you are rescuing seriously if your joke falls flat.

It is much better to start on a genuine note. It will be excellent introduction if you:

• Recollect some recent events or refer to a local

event;

• Tell a personal tale , preferably one that is

humorous;

• Start with a excellent quote;

• Question a rhetorical or factual question;

• Refer to something that has happened in class;

• State the reason why you chose this particular

research paper topic.

You can choose any of these approaches, but make sure it is tied to your research paper topic.

Once you have interested the audience, you can dwell on the body of your research paper. Though , you should remember that you do not have much time to crash your results in detail. That is why, summarize, give the main points, and hit the highlights. Interpret your results, talk about their significance, and only then visibly state your conclusions.

It is also vital to remember that your presentation should not replace your research paper, but rather whet the audience inclination for it. Thus, it is commonly useful to allude to information in the paper that can’t be covered adequately in the presentation.

As it was pointed earlier, your conclusion should be as passionate as the introduction. Either end research paper presentation with a concluding statement or invite questions, or both. When you reach the end of your presentation, use the terms “in conclusion”, “irrevocably ”, or “one more thing.” Do not end your speech suddenly without recalling what you have said.

By the end of the speech, say “Be grateful you” or “Thanks for your attention” or something like that, not “Well, I guess that’s about all I have to say” or by just quitting. It is embarrassing when someone just stops without saying a word of conclusion. In this case broadcast don’t know whether you’re done and it’s time to clap or if you are vacant to continue.

In order to charm the audience be sure to talk to the listeners, not the screen or the blackboard and try to establish the dialogue with the audience. Maintain eye contact, but not with just one person. This will make the whole experience feel more natural.

You should get rid of distracting mannerisms like slapping your leg, playing with the keys in your pocket, pulling at your ear, nose, shuffling your notes, playing with the projector cord, or whatever. Body language plays an vital role in everyday communication, and even greater

in conference talks.

If you are experiencing stage fright, take a deep breath before taking the floor. Try to gather your research paper thoughts together. Walk slowly to the front, pause and look at the audience before speaking. Remain cool . And off you go to the victory!



LEMUEL